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macOS Catalina brings a whole new set of fantastic features to your apps. Efficiently create native Mac apps from your iPad apps using Xcode. Take advantage of an expanded workspace with Sidecar. Use Core ML 3 to build realtime, personalized experiences with industry-leading, on-device machine learning and use the new Create ML app to build machine learning models right on your Mac with zero code. Create interactive augmented reality experiences with the new Reality Composer app. And much more.
Bring Your iPad App to Mac
Get a huge head start on creating a native Mac app based on your existing iPad app. Your Mac and iPad apps share the same project and source code, so any changes you make translate to both platforms. And your newly created Mac app runs natively, utilizing the same frameworks, resources, and even runtime environment as apps built just for Mac.
Sidecar
Apps on macOS Catalina automatically support an expanded workspace with iPad and Apple Pencil. Users can use iPad as a secondary display alongside Mac and draw with Apple Pencil on iPad. There’s no need to make any adjustments to your app — it just works. Apps can use Tablet Events in AppKit to enable full drawing tablet support, including pressure and tilt.
Machine Learning
With on-device model training and a gallery of curated models, there’s never been a better time to take advantage of machine learning. Core ML 3 seamlessly takes advantage of the CPU, GPU, and Neural Engine to provide maximum performance and efficiency, and lets you integrate the latest cutting-edge models into your apps. The new Create ML app lets you build, train, and deploy machine learning models with no machine learning expertise required.
AR Tools
Reality Composer is a powerful new app for iOS and Mac that makes it easy to create interactive augmented reality experiences with no prior 3D experience. Move seamlessly between your Mac, iPhone, and iPad as you build with live linking. RealityKit is a new high-level framework with photo-realistic rendering, camera effects, animations, physics, and more, built from the ground up specifically for augmented reality.
Metal
Metal gives the GPU even greater control of the pipeline, adds features that make it easier to perform advanced GPU processing, and simplifies the work you need to do to support different kinds of GPUs. New tools, including hardware-accelerated support in Simulator, help you get started faster and understand whether your app is using Metal correctly.
Accessibility
macOS Catalina introduces transformative Accessibility features that help users with disabilities get the most out of their Apple devices. All-new Voice Control lets users control their Mac and iOS devices entirely with their voice. And there are many exciting updates including new zoom features, VoiceOver enhancements, and color filters.
DriverKit
The new DriverKit framework provides a fully modernized replacement for IOKit to create device drivers. Drivers built with DriverKit run in the user space, rather than as a kernel extension, for improved system security and stability.
FileProvider API
macOS Catalina introduces an all-new FileProvider API for cloud storage providers for a high-performance and powerful way to seamlessly integrate with Finder without a kernel extension for improved security. Cloud storage providers can now submit their apps to the Mac App Store.
The Cocoa Framework[edit]
Cocoa is a modern, object-oriented framework. The Cocoa framework contains the class definitions for classes that are generally useful to produce a graphical user interface (GUI) for applications to be run under Mac OS X. Cocoa also provides an object-oriented interface to the operating system (OS). Cocoa is what Apple itself uses to develop Mac apps that come with Mac OS X such as Finder, Mail, iTunes, etc.
Cocoa.h[edit]
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To use Cocoa in your apps, you import 'Cocoa.h'. The following code is from the file, 'Cocoa.h'. Go ahead and read the comment and the code.
Generally, for all our projects in this wikibook, we will import Cocoa.h with the following code:
Note that #import does something similar to what #include does in C. #import includes the specified file, but unlike #include in C, you don't have to worry about a file including itself or a file being included twice. The compiler takes care of that and just does the right thing. So, in this wikibook, we'll always use #import instead of #include, but keep in mind that Objective-C can do anything that C can do so #include would still work in any C code that used #include. You can mix C and Objective-C any which way.
Now looking at what is imported, Cocoa.h imports the interface to the Foundation Framework, the interface to the AppKit Framework, and the interface to the CoreData FrameWork. We'll cover these frameworks a little more later in this wikibook, but for now, you can just think of the Cocoa Framework as being built on top of these three other frameworks.
Other APIs[edit]
Cocoa is an example of an application programming interface or API. Apple used to support two older APIs for Mac OS X, 'Classic' and 'Carbon', but these were both for backward compatibility applications developed for 'Classic Mac OS', that is for versions of Mac OS before Mac OS X. If you read about the Classic API or the Carbon API and framework, just know that these are both history.
What Frameworks Are Available?[edit]
Where Are Frameworks Located?[edit]
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You can find the Cocoa framework, and many other frameworks from Apple in the System folder.
Boot Volume → System → Library → Frameworks → Cocoa.framework
You can look around inside of the System Folder and get an idea of what's there, but don't change anything there.
Third-party frameworks should be installed in the following location:
Volume → Library → Frameworks
There is one more place where frameworks might be and that is in the Developer directory:
Boot Volume → Developer → Library → Framework